Síndrome de Guillain-Barré Asociado a Infección por SARS-CoV-2: Una Revisión

Luis Ignacio Cepeda-Morales; Nahomi Valeria Muñiz-Tamayo; Abril Salguero-Cabañas; Rogelio de Jesús Castor-Hernández; Andrés Bolaños-Méndez

doi:10.59706/aebmedicine.v1i1.7901

Authors

Luis Ignacio Cepeda-Morales Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6613-7670
Nahomi Valeria Muñiz-Tamayo Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences
Abril Salguero-Cabañas Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences
Rogelio de Jesús Castor-Hernández Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences
Andrés Bolaños-Méndez Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59706/aebmedicine.v1i1.7901

Keywords:

Guillain-Barré, COVID-19, infección, SARS-CoV-2, correlación

Abstract

El síndrome de Guillain-Barré es una enfermedad desmielinizante asociada con autoanticuerpos inducidos por algún estímulo inmunológico, habitualmente infecciones. Se caracteriza por manifestaciones motoras, sensoriales y autonómicas debido al impacto neuropático que tiene la enfermedad. Durante la actual pandemia de COVID-19 han existido reportes en cuanto a la asociación de la infección y el inicio de síndrome de Guillain-Barré; además, su asociación con las vacunas diseñadas para la prevención de esta infección ha sido tema de interés. El síndrome de Guillain-Barré se clasifica según sus características clínicas y electrofisiológicas en AIDP, AMAN, AMSAN, síndrome de Miller-Fisher y neuropatía panautonómica aguda. El diagnóstico se da por sospecha clínica y se puede apoyar mediante estudios neurofisiológicos como la electromiografía y las velocidades de conducción nerviosa, o bien por un estudio de líquido cefalorraquídeo. El tratamiento de los pacientes con SGB asociado a infección por COVID-19 es igual al producido por otras etiologías: inmunoglobulinas o plasmaféresis.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ansar, V., & Valadi, N. (2015). Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, 42(2), 189–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2015.01.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2015.01.001

Byambasuren, O., Cardona, M., Bell, K., Clark, J., McLaws, M.-L., & Glasziou, P. (2020). Estimating the extent of asymptomatic COVID-19 and its potential for community transmission: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Official Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada, 5(4), 223–234. https://doi.org/10.3138/jammi-2020-0030 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3138/jammi-2020-0030

Capasso, M., Notturno, F., Manzoli, C., & Uncini, A. (2011). Involvement of sensory fibres in axonal subtypes of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Jour-nal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 82(6), 664–670. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2010.238311 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2010.238311

Caress, J. B., Castoro, R. J., Simmons, Z., Scelsa, S. N., Lewis, R. A., Ahlawat, A., & Narayanaswami, P. (2020). COVID‐19–associated Guil-lain‐Barré syndrome: The early pandemic experience. Muscle & Nerve, 62(4), 485–491. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.27024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.27024

Chakraborty, U., Hati, A., & Chandra, A. (2021). Covid-19 associated Guillain-Barré syndrome: A series of a relatively uncommon neurological complication. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 15(6), 102326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102326 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102326

Ciotti, M., Ciccozzi, M., Terrinoni, A., Jiang, W.-C., Wang, C.-B., & Bernardini, S. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 57(6), 365–388. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408363.2020.1783198 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408363.2020.1783198

da Rosa Mesquita, R., Francelino Silva Junior, L. C., Santos Santana, F. M., Farias de Oliveira, T., Campos Alcântara, R., Monteiro Arnozo, G., Rodrigues da Silva Filho, E., Galdino dos Santos, A. G., Oliveira da Cunha, E. J., Salgueiro de Aquino, S. H., & Freire de Souza, C. D. (2021). Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in the general population: systematic review. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 133(7–8), 377–382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-020-01760-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-020-01760-4

Eslamian, F., Taleschian-Tabrizi, N., Izadseresht, B., Shakouri, S. K., Gholian, S., & Rahbar, M. (2021). Electrophysiologic findings in patients with COVID-19 and quadriparesia in the northwest of Iran, A case series study and literature review. In Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine (Vol. 12, pp. S451–S459). Babol University of Medical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.22088/cjim.12.0.451

Finsterer, J., Scorza, F. A., & Scorza, C. A. (2021). Post SARS-CoV-2 vaccination Guillain-Barre syndrome in 19 patients. Clinics, 76, e3286. https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e3286 DOI: https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e3286

Gordon, P. H., & Wilbourn, A. J. (2001). Early Electrodiagnostic Findings in Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Archives of Neurology, 58(6), 913. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.58.6.913 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.58.6.913

Griffin, J. W., Li, C. Y., Ho, T. W., Tian, M., Gao, C. Y., Xue, P., Mishu, B., Cornblath, D. R., Macko, C., McKhann, G. M., & Asbury, A. K. (1996). Pathology of the motor-sensory axonal Guillain-Barré syndrome. Annals of Neurology, 39(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410390105 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410390105

Introna, A., Caputo, F., Santoro, C., Guerra, T., Ucci, M., Mezzapesa, D. M., & Trojano, M. (2021). Guillain-Barré syndrome after AstraZeneca COVID-19-vaccination: A causal or casual association? Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 208, 106887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106887 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106887

Leonhard, S. E., Mandarakas, M. R., Gondim, F. A. A., Bateman, K., Ferreira, M. L. B., Cornblath, D. R., van Doorn, P. A., Dourado, M. E., Hughes, R. A. C., Islam, B., Kusunoki, S., Pardo, C. A., Reisin, R., Sejvar, J. J., Shahrizaila, N., Soares, C., Umapathi, T., Wang, Y., Yiu, E. M., … Jacobs, B. C. (2019). Diagnosis and management of Guillain–Barré syndrome in ten steps. Nature Reviews Neurology, 15(11), 671–683. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-019-0250-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-019-0250-9

Lessler, J., Chaisson, L. H., Kucirka, L. M., Bi, Q., Grantz, K., Salje, H., Carcelen, A. C., Ott, C. T., Sheffield, J. S., Ferguson, N. M., Cummings, D. A. T., Metcalf, C. J. E., & Rodriguez-Barraquer, I. (2016). Assessing the global threat from Zika virus. Science, 353(6300). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf8160 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf8160

Liou, L.-S., Chung, C.-H., Wu, Y.-T., Tsao, C.-H., Wu, Y.-F., Chien, W.-C., & Chang, C.-Y. (2016). Epidemiology and prognostic factors of inpatient mortality of Guillain-Barré syndrome: A nationwide population study over 14 years in Asian country. Journal of the Neurological Scienc-es, 369, 159–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2016.08.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2016.08.014

Malek, E., & Salameh, J. (2019). Guillain–Barre Syndrome. Seminars in Neurology, 39(05), 589–595. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1693005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1693005

McGrogan, A., Madle, G. C., Seaman, H. E., & de Vries, C. S. (2009). The Epidemiology of Guillain-Barré Syndrome Worldwide. Neuroepide-miology, 32(2), 150–163. https://doi.org/10.1159/000184748 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000184748

McKhann, G. M., Cornblath, D. R., Griffin, J. W., Ho, T. W., Li, C. Y., Jiang, Z., Wu, H. S., Zhaori, G., Liu, Y., Jou, L. P., Liu, T. C., Gao, C. Y., Mao, J. Y., Blaser, M. J., Mishu, B., & Asbury, A. K. (1993). Acute motor axonal neuropathy: A frequent cause of acute flaccid paralysis in China. Annals of Neurology, 33(4), 333–342. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410330402 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410330402

Mitsui, Y., Kusunoki, S., Arimura, K., Kaji, R., Kanda, T., Kuwabara, S., Sonoo, M., & Takada, K. (2015). A multicentre prospective study of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Japan: a focus on the incidence of subtypes. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 86(1), 110–114. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2013-306509 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2013-306509

Mohtadi, N., Ghaysouri, A., Shirazi, S., sara Ansari, Shafiee, E., Bastani, E., Kokhazadeh, T., & Tavan, H. (2020). Recovery of severely ill COVID-19 patients by intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment: A case series. Virology, 548, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2020.05.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2020.05.006

Mori, M., Kuwabara, S., Fukutake, T., Yuki, N., & Hattori, T. (2001). Clinical features and prognosis of Miller Fisher syndrome. Neurology, 56(8), 1104–1106. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.56.8.1104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.56.8.1104

Newswanger, D., & Warren, C. (2004). Guillain-Barré syndrome. Am Fam Physician, 15(69), 10.

Patone, M., Handunnetthi, L., Saatci, D., Pan, J., Katikireddi, S. V., Razvi, S., Hunt, D., Mei, X. W., Dixon, S., Zaccardi, F., Khunti, K., Watkin-son, P., Coupland, C. A. C., Doidge, J., Harrison, D. A., Ravanan, R., Sheikh, A., Robertson, C., & Hippisley-Cox, J. (2021). Neurological com-plications after first dose of COVID-19 vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nature Medicine, 27(12), 2144–2153. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01556-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01556-7

Rajabally, Y. A., Durand, M.-C., Mitchell, J., Orlikowski, D., & Nicolas, G. (2015). Electrophysiological diagnosis of Guillain–Barré syndrome subtype: could a single study suffice? Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 86(1), 115–119. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2014-307815 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2014-307815

Rajdev, K., Victor, N., Buckholtz, E. S., Hariharan, P., Saeed, M. A., Hershberger, D. M., & Bista, S. (2020). A Case of Guillain-Barré Syndrome Associated With COVID-19. Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports, 8, 232470962096119. https://doi.org/10.1177/2324709620961198 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2324709620961198

Sejvar, J. J., Baughman, A. L., Wise, M., & Morgan, O. W. (2011). Population Incidence of Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuroepidemiology, 36(2), 123–133. https://doi.org/10.1159/000324710 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000324710

Uncini, A., & Kuwabara, S. (2018). The electrodiagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome subtypes: Where do we stand? Clinical Neurophysiology, 129(12), 2586–2593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2018.09.025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2018.09.025

van den Berg, B., Bunschoten, C., van Doorn, P. A., & Jacobs, B. C. (2013). Mortality in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Neurology, 80(18), 1650–1654. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182904fcc DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182904fcc

Walling, A. D., & Dickson, G. (2013). Guillain-Barré Syndrome (Vol. 87, Issue 3). www.aafp.org/afp.

Webb, A. J. S., Brain, S. A. E., Wood, R., Rinaldi, S., & Turner, M. R. (2015). Seasonal variation in Guillain-Barré syndrome: a systematic re-view, meta-analysis and Oxfordshire cohort study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 86(11), 1196–1201. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2014-309056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2014-309056

Willison, H. J., Jacobs, B. C., & van Doorn, P. A. (2016). Guillain-Barré syndrome. The Lancet, 388(10045), 717–727. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00339-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00339-1

World Health Organization. (2021a). Timeline: WHO’s COVID-19 response.

World Health Organization. (2021b). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard.

Zaeem, Z., Siddiqi, Z. A., & Zochodne, D. W. (2019). Autonomic involvement in Guillain–Barré syndrome: an update. Clinical Autonomic Re-search, 29(3), 289–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-018-0542-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-018-0542-y