Biomarcadores de la enfermedad de Alzheimer encontrados en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2: correlación entre ambas patologías

Miguel Alejandro Walwyn-Hernández; Luis Ignacio Cepeda-Morales; Oscar Mateos-Platas; Eduardo Cantú-Flores

doi:10.59706/aebmedicine.v1i2.7879

Authors

Miguel Alejandro Walwyn-Hernández Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences
Luis Ignacio Cepeda-Morales Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6613-7670
Oscar Mateos-Platas Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences
Eduardo Cantú-Flores Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59706/aebmedicine.v1i2.7879

Keywords:

enfermedad de Alzheimer, diabetes mellitus, biomarcadores, correlación, fisiopatología

Abstract

INTRODUCCIÓN: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es un problema serio de salud pública que afecta a alrededor de 462 millones de personas. Por otro lado, la enfermedad de Alzheimer es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa progresiva y el tipo de demencia más común. La evidencia sugiere que ambas patologías comparten ciertos mecanismos que pueden verse reflejados en biomarcadores de pacientes con ambas comorbilidades. OBJETIVOS: establecer una semejanza entre los principales biomarcadores encontrados en la enfermedad de Alzheimer con los biomarcadores encontrados en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que pudiera indicar una correlación entre ambas enfermedades. RESULTADOS: Los biomarcadores estándar utilizados para el diagnóstico de Alzheimer son Aβ42, Tτ y Pτ. Los niveles de proteína S100B sérica son influenciados por factores metabólicos implicados en la diabetes y se ven alterados en pacientes diabéticos que presentan Alzheimer. Se encontró que pacientes con dislipidemias que presentaban Alzheimer tenían deposiciones significativamente aumentadas de ERC-τ en comparación a pacientes exclusivamente con Alzheimer. De igual forma, se ha evidenciado que los factores IL-6 y TNF-α normalmente asociados a procesos inflamatorios característicos de la obesidad y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 participan en procesos de inflamación y neurodegenerativos del sistema nervioso central. Finalmente, la A2M y la APOE elevan el riesgo tanto de Alzheimer como de diabetes. CONCLUSIONES: Los marcadores séricos que presentan una posible correlación entre ambas enfermedades son ERC-τ, IL-6, TNF-α, A2M y APOE.

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